Fantasy in Theatre :: Fantasy Shakespeare Theatre Drama Essays

Dream in Theater In preperation for our exhibition on the above subject, we right off the bat tuned in to a few bits of imagination music as a guided perception in which we were approached to envision experiencing various entryways and to picture what was behind them. This at that point roused us to try with diferent complex gadgets to remember for our presentation. We were given two bits of text that was goin to be the degree for our bit of Drama, they were: A Midsummer Night's Dream - A play by William Shakespeare. Period savvy, there were no issues with utilizing this, as Shakespeare is ageless and can be set in any time of history, including present day. This specific play is set in the fantasy like universe of pixies. The Lord of the pixies, Oberon, has a contention with his darling, Titiania, over a little youngster she has embraced after the passing of her holding up lady. Oberon needs her to hand over the youngster to him, Titania cannot. Oberon chooses to send Puck to get an enchantment blossom, the juice of which, dropped at Titanias will make her begin to look all starry eyed at the first thing she finds so as to deceive her. He trusts that this will divert her so he can take the kid. The Jabberwocky - This is a sonnet composed by Lewis Carroll (from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There, 1872) It tells of the destruction of a legendary beast. By perusing the content, we can see that it doesn't generally bode well, however we can understand the words by their sounds. In our gathering, we began examining our thoughts at that point took a gander at the two messages and fitted our thoughts around them. In our exhibition, we chose to have great and underhandedness included, we had 2 dream bosses and 4 others. 2 of which were taken by the insidiousness dream ace who gave them bad dreams, the other 2 were taken by the great dream ace who satisfied their dreams. The 4 characters had there own fantasy, one needed all that they requested, another needed to be an Indian, another needed to stay mainstream and fruitful at school, and ultimately the point of convergence was on the character who needed to see her Mother again in light of the fact that she died. We utilized the thought out of 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' where Titania was put snoozing, in our play,we likewise took having 2 dream experts from the characters Oberon and Puck. The fantasy ace puts the 4 characters to rest utilizing his forces. The initial 3 characters have there dream or dream then the young lady who

Anorexia Nervosa :: essays research papers

Mental self view: Anerexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is a possibly dangerous dietary problem described by an absence of confidence, a serious dread of getting fat, and self-initiated starvation because of a misshaped self-perception (Durham, 1991). Anorexia can happen further down the road, however it is generally basic in young ladies between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. As indicated by the Center for Change, late gauges propose that 1% of Americans inside this age range will, somewhat, create anorexia and 10-20% will in the end bite the dust from related complexities. I have encountered this breaking down illness from a bystander’s perspective. In the wake of making a settlement with my companions to get truly fit for the mid year, the four of us practiced and slimmed down every day for about four months. I never imagined that this push to get sound (or simply look great in our swimming outfits) would have such desperate results. While everybody finished this comprehensive eating routine arrangement, one of my companions got fixated on her self-perception and without our insight, continuously built up the dietary issue anorexia nervosa. She went unnoticed for a while in light of the fact that she astonishingly camouflaged her dietary patterns by devouring huge amounts of natural product, vegetables, and plates of mixed greens in our quality while covertly fasting at home. Additionally, regardless of her demeanor toward eating, she took a devoted enthusiasm for purchasing and getting ready nourishment for us. Thinking back, I imagine that we were all anorexic somewhat. By and by, I was 16 years of age, 5’7 and just weighed around 105 pounds. On the off chance that I had lost a couple more pounds, I would have been 25% underneath my ordinary body weight, which would be sufficient to likewise determine me to have anorexia nervosa (Shaw, 2002). Most of individuals who experience the ill effects of anorexia start, as we did, with a blameless eating routine that steadily advanced to outrageous and undesirable weight reduction (Shaw, 2002). Dissimilar to ordinary counting calories which stops when the ideal weight is reached, individuals who become anorexic atribute positive emotions to their capacity to control their weight and become perilously engrossed with food and dread weight gain. Research proposes that rigid slimming down can assume a key job in activating dietary problems. Juvenile and youthful grown-up ladies are progressively powerless against these disarranges because of their inclination to go on exacting weight control plans so as to accomplish a â€Å"ideal† figure (Lehrman, 1987). Indeed, even idea the reason for anorexia nervosa isn't realized a few distinct examinations propose that social perspectives toward body appearance, family impacts, hereditary qualities, and formative components are potential supporters of anorexia (Selzman, 1999).

Help With Writing Research Papers

Help With Writing Research PapersIt is easy to get discouraged when you are trying to help research paper. There are several things that you should avoid and there are many times when you need to do what is necessary to ensure that you write a paper that will be accepted by your school or university. The main reason why you need to do research is because it gives you a better understanding of the subject. If you were just reading a book, you would probably be able to go through the material without too much difficulty.You will need to get your hands on the materials that are available through various sources. You will also need to get in touch with some professors who specialize in the subject of your research. By talking to them, you will learn a lot about the subject that you are researching. They will also help you understand how to research paper and other things.The more information you have on hand, the better. When you are looking for information, you will need to be sure that you read and understand everything that you can find. This is not the time to worry about anything that you do not understand. You will soon learn that the material you need is right at your fingertips.The best thing that you can do when you are looking for help in writing a research paper is to look at what other people have written about the subject matter. There are people who specialize in writing papers for universities and colleges. This means that you will need to visit the offices of these people and talk to them. This is the most effective way of doing research.A very important point that you should keep in mind is that it is best to start off writing as early as possible. If you wait until the last minute, you might be disappointed when you are rejected for your paper. If you decide to write the entire paper in one sitting, you will not have time to go back and edit what you have written. You need to be sure that you have written a thorough report that is completely accur ate.You will need to make sure that you provide yourself with plenty of material to work with. The only way to know whether you have done this is to give yourself a time limit. This may sound quite serious, but you really need to make sure that you are able to stick to this time limit. If you can do this, you will be able to focus on what you need to concentrate on and do not have to worry about anything else.The last thing that you should remember when you are looking for help in writing a research paper is to be patient. It may seem that you are starting all over again. You will have to resist the temptation to try and write the same paper over again. This is something that you need to do anyway and you should have no problem doing this if you do all of the work and research that you need to do.If you follow these guidelines, you will be able to write a research paper that is perfect for your university or college. The other students that will be looking at your paper will be impr essed by your efforts. Remember that you will need to write your paper in order to get accepted into a school or university. Do not be discouraged if you are having problems when you are trying to write the paper.

Meaning and History of the Surname Callaghan

The Callaghan surname is derived from the Gaelic name Ó Ceallagchà ¡in, meaning descendant of Ceallanchà ¡n. The O prefix indicates descendant of, while Ceallagchà ¡in is a diminutive of Ceallach, a given name of uncertain origin. The most widely accepted meaning is bright-headed, from the Gaelic cen, meaning head and lach, meaning light Other possibilities include: lover of churches, from ceall, meaning churchfrom the Old Irish ceallach, meaning contention, strifeFrom ciallach, meaning prudent, judicious Surname Origin:  Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  OCALLAGHAN, CALLAHAN, CALLACHAN, CEALLACHAIN, CELLACHAN, CEALLAGHAN, CELLACHAIN, OCALLAGHAN, OCALLAHAN, KEELAGHAN Famous People with the Surname CALLAGHAN Fr Richard Callaghan - 18th century Irish Jesuit educationalistEdmund Bailey OCallaghan - Irish doctor and journalistJohn Cornelius OCallaghan - Irish historian and writerSir Francis OCallaghan - Irish civil engineerJames Callaghan  - UK Prime Minister, 1976–79Dr. Patrick Pat  OCallaghan - considered one of Irelands greatest athletes; Olympic gold medalist Where is the CALLAGHAN  Surname Most Commonly Found? Forebears identifies the  Callaghan  surname as being most common in Ireland, where it ranks 112th in the nation. It is also fairly common in Northern Ireland (ranked 433rd), Scotland (541st), Australia (593rd), Wales (653rd), New Zealand (657th) and England (658th). Within Ireland, Callaghan is the most common in Cork. The OCallaghan variant ranks just behind Callaghan in Ireland, coming in as number 113. WorldNames PublicProfiler identifies the Callaghan surname as more common in Donegal and the other northern Irish counties. Genealogy Resources for the Surname CALLAGHAN Common Surnames of IrelandDiscover the meaning of your Irish last name, and learn where in Ireland these Irish surnames are most commonly found Callaghan  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Callaghan  family crest or coat of arms for the Callaghan surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. OCallaghan/Callaghan/Callahan/Keelaghan DNA ProjectIndividuals with the Callaghan surname and variations are invited to join this project dedicated to combining the results of DNA testing with genealogy research to identify various Callaghan and OCallaghan family lines. Callaghan Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Callaghan surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Callaghan query. DistantCousin.com - CALLAGHAN  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Callaghan. GeneaNet - Callaghan  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Callaghan  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Callaghan  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse family trees and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the last name Callaghan  from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Racism in the Criminal Justice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1656 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Racism Essay Did you like this example? Slavery has ended in America but racism in society has persisted, especially in the justice system. Despite all the progress made in America over the years, black people are still facing discrimination and injustice in 2018. None of the efforts made have been enough to end racism. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Racism in the Criminal Justice" essay for you Create order The problem is that if we compare racism in the past with racism today, we can see many similarities in terms of how blacks in America are being treated. Almost every day we see black people not only facing discrimination but fighting for their rights just as back then. Along with fighting, they are scared and traumatized because many blacks are dying with no justice after. Police brutality has also dangerously increased over the years. The justice system has made progress over the years but when it comes to blacks in America, it seems we have not made much progress or at least the right progress. The lack of progress is evident through the book Sing Unburied Sing by Jesmyn Ward. Ward’s novel primarily focuses on racism and imprisonment and finding ways to survive from the injustice. In the novel, one of the main characters, Richie, a ghost, witnesses a tragic repeat of history when his friend JoJo, who is alive and can see Richie, is pulled over by the police. JoJo is simply in the car to pick someone up and doesn’t see the risk in just driving the car. However, Richie had warned him that â€Å"they going to chain you†. When the officer did ask JoJo to get out of the car, Richie continued, â€Å"I told you† (107). Richie’s warning is important because of his own experience of systemic racism when he was alive which caused his death. Moreover, his use of the word â€Å"chain† in reference to prison draws a direct correlation between prison and slavery. In fact, many argue that prison is merely an institutionalized form of slavery today. The slavery-like nature of prison can be seen through Parchman Prison. Parchman shows the discrimination that prisoners face, specifically black prisoners. Often black people are imprisoned for no legitimate reason just like they were enslaved for no legitimate reason. In Sing Unburied Sing, the main character, Pop, was arrested because his brother, Stag got in trouble for defending himself against some white folks, and when Stag arrived home Pop happened to be there. â€Å"Stag got convicted for assault, I got convicted of harboring a fugitive† (19). In addition to entering prison In Parchman they made them worked in large fields, picking cottons from morning until night just like slaves. It’s as if they went back to the slavery time period, black people working long hours in heat and in horrible conditions. Just as back in the days, after slavery was said to be abolished in 1865, the black codes were created to enslaved blacks again. They passed other laws to keep blacks in prison and working. In a way it’s like they used the criminal Justice as a way to control blacks in America. Controlling in a way that they cannot get out, Sheriff Steve Prator Shamelessly admitted to modern day slavery, he stated that he hates to see good black man release from prison because they are the â€Å"ones that can work, that’s the ones that can pick up trash and â€Å"wash cars†, â€Å"change oil in our cars and cook in the kitchen†. Many blacks are imprisoned disproportionately higher rates than their percentage in the total population. Once in prison, they are immediately free workers and this is a form of slavery. They have to work with no salary and bad conditions similar to the inmates in Parchman. Which is why prison is also representing the new form of slavery and how the justice system control lacks in America. When we talk about slaves, we usually say that they were brought in chained and not cuffed. JoJo’s encounter basically summarizes what blacks go through in America on a daily basis. Today many blacks are being stopped and violently arrested by white cops, innocent or for petty reasons. Not too long ago, Johnnie Jermain Rush was shocked with a Taser and beaten by two police officers for supposedly jaywalking in Asheville. When Rush was pinned to the ground he cried â€Å"I can’t breathe† similar to JoJo and on the footage there’s â€Å"Mr. Rush crying in pain as he is shocked with a Taser† (New York Times). While this was a very disturbing video to watch, such situation is not new. Today we get to see these kinds of videos often because of social media but even back then these encounters happened, just behind the camera. I also feel that police brutality has gotten way out of control, that it is too late to change, I don’t know when that time was but the time for change has past. The justice system today shouldn’t be that similar to the justice system back then, but it is. Many things have changed, but not the right changes. Which is why today Slavery is still happening, just in a different form because black men are not different from Stag, Richie, and pop. They’re also dealing with injustice from society, then the justice system. If anything, I think it is worse today because they are being killed for not doing anything or the smallest thing and not getting the justice that they deserve. Just like before but today, we act like things are better, when in fact, the ugly truth is veiled by ignorance and indifference. Trayvon Martin was killed by George Zimmerman because he felt that Trayvon was suspicious. Zimmerman at first was not charged because there was no evidence, and that is exactly what they do today, they kill the evidence. They know that the system is protecting the lives that they value the most, which is the white lives. And this does not only hurt blacks physically but mentally because they live with fears everywhere they go. Black people has been free because the laws say so but the everyday actions says otherwise. For example, sometimes when a black person is looking for justice, they dig up their past instead of looking at the bigger picture and whenever there is a gathering of just blacks, it is considered a gang. Richie summarizes most people’s thought by saying â€Å"sometimes I think it done changed and then I sleep and wake up and it ain’t changed none† (108). All this shows that some things have changed but not everything, America still has a long way to go. At the end of the book, even after Richie knew the answer to his question, the way he died, he says that he was not able to cross over and go home. The most heart-breaking part was when he told Jojo that there were many other ghosts waiting. And when JoJo sees the other ghosts, he too can see their unresolved pain, painful deaths, and their demands for justice in their eyes. â€Å"He raped me and suffocated me until I died and put my hands up and he shot me eight times _They hung me they found I could read _and I couldn’t breathe† (176). All of the ghost died painful deaths with no justice for them, which is why they could not go home/their afterlife. And the saddest part is that they cannot do anything about it, the damages are already done and their voices cannot be heard, which summarizes the big similarity of today and the past. They could not do anything about it in the past as well as today. As mentioned before about Trayvon Martin, He died with his side of the st ory, therefore there is no evidence, similar to these ghosts. Today many blacks have lost their lives and their voices and even the people that have gotten out of prison has lived with a history that they cannot erase. All three of them can only tell their stories now, they can never get compensated. Ta-Nehisi Coates Essay about â€Å"Reparation† will really work with this story because Coates believes that blacks should get compensated for their injustice and only America can do it. And I agree with him because all three individuals should get compensated for their imprisonment because they were not only physically hurt but also mentally. However, I don’t believe that American can resolve these conflicts. They have passed laws like the 13th amendment to end slavery and the 14th, 15th amendments, civil right act etc., but none of them has ended our problems completely. We today have the Black Lives Matter movement but that has not stopped police brutality yet, I can’t think of anything that will change our conflicts today. I truly believe there is nothing that can be done, it’s too late and even if something was to be done, it will only last for a while and history will repeat. Having read Sing Unburied Sing, I now understand America is the way it is today not because new conflicts are emerging, history is merely repeating itself. The book focusing on Parchman is to symbolize the racism and discrimination that blacks go through and that racism comes in different forms. Being in prison is like being thrown into slavery all over again but in jail style. Also, that the justice system still and has always favors white lives over black lives. Looking at current events shows that the racism is very much alive and has never ended some things are merely disguises with the same meaning and that we are not moving forward. References Coates Ta-Nehisi, â€Å"The case for reparation†, The Atlantic (21 may 2014) Bromwich Engel Jonah, â€Å"Former North Carolina Police Officer Who Beat Black Man Is Charged With Assault†, The New York Times, (March 9, 2018) Bromwich Engel Jonah, â€Å"Louisiana Sheriff’s Remarks Evoke Slavery, Critics Say†, The New York Times (oct 12, 2017),

Marxists theory to the sociological understanding of crime...

Assess the contribution of the Marxist theory to the sociological understanding of crime and deviance. (21 marks) Marxism is a macro/structural approach to society, meaning that it looks at the large-scale societal structure for answers about how society works and operates and explores crime and deviance in relation to classes within a capitalist society. Marxists claim that laws do not reflect a value consensus, instead laws and law enforcement benefits the rich (protection of private property), and discriminate the poor which brings about social class reproduction, the working class are criminalised for their crimes but the criminal just system are more lenient towards the crimes of the wealth such as white collar crime or†¦show more content†¦Pearce also explores how white collar crime is hidden from the masses and this puts them in a state of false consciousness so they do not see the full extent of the white collar crime, this is ideological social control, this is often linked to the media which often portrays stereotypes and demonises the poor as criminals. Chambliss looks into selective law enforcement, at the heart of the legal system in the protection of private property, this ensures that the ruling class maintain their wealth, which leads to social class reproduction. All social groups commit crime, but it is the poor who are targeted by the criminal justice system. This is linked to stereotypes where the police target deprived groups in deprived areas e.g. stop and search. There are many strengths and weaknesses to the Marxist approach, such as it explores law making as well as law breaking, it examines selective law enforcement so looks into the discrimination of the working class. They also highlight the idea of social control and how police are more likely to stop and search people based on stereotypes that are displayed in the media which can also be linked with the labelling theory. However there are some weaknesses to the Marxist approach such as that it ignores how some laws benefit everyone, and ignores gender and ethnicity which can be a vital factor in differences in crime and deviance and it is tooShow MoreRelatedCompare and contrast two main sociological theories of crime and deviance.1636 Words   |  7 Pagesmain sociological theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies, in some way, from a social norm.  Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people.  This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated with crime and deviance and toRead MoreEvaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance1201 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluate the usefulness of Marxist theory to our understanding of crime and deviance (40 marks) Synopticity - Crime Deviance sociological theory Marxist explanations of crime and deviance, like their work on other areas like the family and education, rest on an economic and structural analysis of society that sees a class struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. This struggle comprises the attempts by the proletariat to free themselves from the domination of the bourgeoisieRead MoreMarx and Durkheim’s Views Contributed to our Understanding of Crime and Deviance? 899 Words   |  4 PagesHow have Marx and Durkheim’s Views Contributed to our Understanding of Crime and Deviance? Karl Marx’s Marxist theory and Emile Durkheim’s functionalist theory were both significant in their own ways and therefore made a large contribution to our perception and understanding of how crime and deviance occurs and is dealt with in society. The Marxist theory on crime was focused on the concept that the huge shift towards a capitalist society was the root cause and driving force behind the formationRead MoreSociology Is The Study Of Individuals In Groups In A Systematic Way1611 Words   |  7 Pagesquantitative and qualitative based research on the struggle to gain a firm grip on how society works. As a result, there are different sociological perspectives that hold valued theories in society. In this essay three perspectives will be assessed. How society operates in the view of these perspectives. Also, scrutinizing theories on the subject ‘crime and deviance’ aiming to outline how each perspective grasps the matter. Before one can observe society, one needs to take into account the ways inRead Moresociology internationalist crime deviance1200 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿1c How do interactionists explain crime? (Labelling Theory) Are offenders different? Interactionists argue that a mistake most perspectives make is that they assume lawbreakers are somehow different from law-abiding people. The labelling theory suggests that most people commit deviant and criminal acts but only come are caught and stigmatised for it. It is for this reason that emphasis should be on understanding the reaction and definition of deviance rather than the causes of the initial actRead MoreSociology A2 Revision 2012 34479 Words   |  18 Pages am Unit 4 exam: Tuesday 19th June, pm Easter Revision: tbc A2 Syllabus: AQA Sociology GCE (new specification) Unit 3: Mass Media (SCLY3) Worth 20% of your final A Level Written paper, 1 hour 30 minutes 60 marks available Unit 4: Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods (SCLY4) Worth 30% of your final A Level Written paper, 2 hours 90 marks available Timetable Use your revision checklists to draw up a timetable for revision leading up to the exam. Make sure you cover everything, but makeRead MoreOutline and Assess Marxist Explanations of Crime1208 Words   |  5 PagesOutline and assess Marxist explanations of crime Marxist and neo-Marxist approaches and explanations of crime are arguably some of the most controversial, for the reason that they state that it is the ruling class that is responsible for criminalising the working classes, which goes directly against what official statistics and Functionalists believe. However, Marxism and Functionalism do share a similarity in that both believe structures and institutions of society play a very important roleRead MoreA Marxist Understanding Of Society1719 Words   |  7 Pageswill give a thorough account of a Marxist understanding of society and what this understanding contributed to criminological theory. To truly grasp a Marxist understanding of society the essay will firstly look at the development of Marx’s work, then draw conclusions on his main era that surrounded crime and law, known as the Historical Materialism era. The essay will then look at how these conclusions relate to crime. Five different theorists work, who use Marxist ide ology as their main school ofRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 Pages SCLY4 Crime and Deviance with Theories Methods Past Papers Use the following past papers to practise your exam writing techniques and aid your revision. Make sure you look at the mark scheme for each question to assess your answer. Also check the ‘model answers’ from students to see where good AO1 and AO2 marks were scored. Crime and Deviance Different theories of crime, deviance, social order and social control. The social distribution of crime and deviance by age, ethnicityRead MoreThe Main Principles Of Functionalism1429 Words   |  6 Pagesits two main functions were socialization and stabilization of personalities (a sociologyof family life deborah.c), Conflicting theory however has contradicting views and explanations on the purpose of the family unit in society. Conflict theory interprets the family as a system of power relations that reinforces and reflects the inequalities in society. (understanding a diverse society sociology pg399) These inequalities consist of gender, class, and ethnic inequalities. The gender roles keep the

Knowledge Management International Conference

Question: Describe about the Report for Knowledge Management of International Conference. Answer: 1. HP is a hugely successful company (HP, 2016). It has its global presence. HP adopted several knowledge management initiatives. They are listed as below- Trainers Trading Post- This is a discussion database on the various training topics (HP, 2016). This helped the internal educators as well as trainers to exchange ideas, methods and materials. Creating a network of experts- The objective of this project is to guide human resource Training Library- It consists of a collection of the various documents used for training purpose (HP, 2016). For example, course binders are a training document. Training Review- It was merged with the trainers trading post. It comprised of a collection of the evaluations of the training resources. It can also be called as a collection of Consumer Reports (HP, 2016). HP Network News- It is a database of questions which are frequently asked by Computer Products Organization or the authorized dealers. The dealers can read through them if they face any issues. It has increased the knowledge base of the dealers which reduced the number of calls to the technical support of HP (HP, 2016). 2. HP is popular for its decentralized organizational structure as well as decentralized mode of operations. There are individual departments in which there is a minimal exchange of information (HP, 2016). The departments are self sufficient and function on an independent basis. There are interdepartmental transfers in the organization which makes it possible for transfer of informal knowledge. There were no formal knowledge transfer mechanisms in HP. During 1995, HP started implementing knowledge management initiatives (HP, 2016). The company introduced knowledge sharing networks through various workshops and organizational change management. These initiatives made the company highly successful (HP, 2016). The company enjoyed a competitive advantage due to the introduction of the knowledge building process. The knowledge transfer databases are managed carefully so that it provides maximum benefit to the organization (Ceptureanu, 2016). The introduction of HP Network News presented a n exhaustive database of frequently asked questions (HP, 2016). It helped the dealers to answer their own queries, thereby decreasing the need to call technical support. This made the employees in technical support to concentrate on more important tasks. The introduction of knowledge management systems fostered the productivity of the employees. 3. The Lotus Notes is a desktop client that provides sufficient information to the people in a business scenario. It is an easy to use option that provides a one point access to all the vital elements that one require getting the work done quickly. This is an important tool for the enhancement of knowledge in a professional environment. The Lotus Notes is useful in the sharing of knowledge through the use of ComNotes (HP, 2016). Every person in the department is allowed to gain knowledge through the knowledge base. The knowledge is important for performing the day to day work in an excellent manner (Nishinaka and Umemoto, 2015). The discussion databases are used for the purpose of posting information online so that it can be retrieved by the users. The knowledge base consists of the storage of information in a centralized manner where it is easy to retrieve the information (Hung, 2015). It is important for improving the productivity of the employees as they have enhanced knowledge regarding the job role. It also facilitates employee collaboration and increases the engagement of the employees at the workplace. The knowledge base in knowledge management process gives an excellent opportunity to the employees to hone their skills and expertise. 4. The Training Review comprised of a record of the evaluations that are performed on the training resources. The different scrutiny, evaluations and surveillance documents were compiled into a single report known as Training Review (HP, 2016). There was a lack of participation from the employees. The educators were not comfortable in giving their valuable opinions regarding the value of the course. They were also not interactive regarding the course content and the external providers. The lack of feedback from the educators resulted in non-evaluation of the training tools. The human resource of HP did not design any reward structure for the employees who are participating in the evaluation process. There was no motivation level of the employees to participate in the feedback process. This prevented the Training Review from the actual implementation. Karney could have encouraged people to participate in the evaluation process (Ritzmann, Hagemann and Kluge, 2013). There should have been attractive incentives for people who are contributing towards Training Review. Karney should have offered additional perks for more participation of the people. This could be a free movie ticket, dinner vouchers or free merchandise. The employees who participated in the process should have been appreciated so that other employees would have drawn inspiration. 5. There are a variety of incentive schemes used by Karney for the purpose of promotion of the knowledge base (Reddy and Karim, 2014). He used different strategies for encouraging educators to read various posts. There were also rewards for people who made valuable submissions in the knowledge base. This enhanced the quality of the knowledge database. Karney offered 3000 airline miles absolutely free, for the first 50 readers of the knowledge articles (HP, 2016). An additional 500 miles were offered to people who submitted a document (HP, 2016). The educators also got rewarded for posting valuable comments in the online knowledge database. The comments were made for various reasons such as an appreciation of the articles, addition of essential information or seeking clarifications on any topic. This also led more educators to engage with the knowledge base and perform various activities. The introduction of incentives fetched significant results for the company. During 1966, more tha n 66.6% of the educator community was actively involved in the knowledge forum (HP, 2016). They performed various activities such as reading the published postings (HP, 2016). There was a large section of the educators who made fresh submissions or commented on an existing posting (about one-third of the educators). 6. Karney had the vision of creating a knowledge base community that would foster the exchange of knowledge. He trained the educators regarding knowledge sharing processes. He devised incentive schemes for bringing in more people in the knowledge base. He identified a risk with the knowledge base- limited number of fresh submissions. The foundation of the knowledge base rested on the diversified and rich content (Chen and Liu, 2014). Karney feared that if there were minimal or no fresh submissions from the educators, then the knowledge base would cease to serve its purpose. He was also afraid of a meager number of participations from the educators and the employees. The less number of participants could cause the management to discontinue the whole idea of a knowledge base. This was the biggest risk factor. Karney emphasized on the presence of a person (or evangelist) that can convince people to participate more in the knowledge base (HP, 2016). The designated person should exhibit great enthusiasm while encouraging others to connect with the knowledge base at the individual level. He wanted to share responsibility with another person. This is because he wanted the knowledge sharing process to continue and expand, even if he was not present physically. 7. The knowledge management process involved with the PPO function had a mission of enhancing the development of new products and their introduction (Si and Yakhlef, 2013). It was involved with different job functions, such as Product marketing, procurement, corporate quality, organizational change and others. The PPO organization of HP decided to implement Knowledge Link, which consisted of knowledge regarding the function of product development gathered from various stakeholders (HP, 2016). The knowledge was mainly contributed by the knowledge editors and reporters. They interviewed experts and gathered the knowledge. The objective was to summarize the diverse information collected from different entities and formulate a single knowledge gathering platform. This caused increased complexity in the system. This seemed to be an easy job at first but proved to be really difficult at the time of actual implementation. The collection of information from various sources was not so tough; however the compilation of the vast range of information was cumbersome job. This led to the failure of the knowledge management model involving PPO customers. 8. The knowledge management group of PPO is presently working on three projects. They are discussed below- Project involving competitors information- This is a project which is based on the information of the competitors. The competitors information gives crucial data which is needed for HP to formulate strategies for gaining competitive advantage (HP, 2016). Web based interface- This project is concerned with creation of a web based interface for the purpose of collection of various kinds of information (HP, 2016). The primary and secondary information is collected and made available in the web based interface. Project involving international marketing intelligence- The third project is a lucrative project that is based on the international marketing intelligence data. The information collected is used by HP to identify the market opportunities in international markets and facilitate accurate decision making (HP, 2016). There might be several risks involved in the implementation of the knowledge management process (Mojibi, Khojasteh and Khojasteh-Ghamari, 2015). The first project may be difficult to implement as it contains sensitive information. The data on competitors products as well as services may be difficult to collect, compile and implement in real life (Li, 2013). This issue can be solved by creating reliable sources for gathering information. The second project that involves a web based interface may be complicated and the users would not be able to follow it. The educators or the users should undergo proper training for the ease of use of the web based interface (Liu, Gang and Ma, 2014). The third project involving market intelligence data may not find suitable analyst for it correct analysis. This may be resolved by the recruitment of suitable market analysts (Flores and Villalobos, 2013). References Ceptureanu, S., 2016. Knowledge Cycles and Knowledge Management.International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION, 22(1). Chen, Y. and Liu, L., 2014. The Knowledge Base Development for the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.International Journal of Intelligence Science, 04(01), pp.29-37. Flores, H. and Villalobos, J., 2013. Using market intelligence for the opportunistic shipping of fresh produce.International Journal of Production Economics, 142(1), pp.89-97. HP, 2016.HP Official Site | Laptop Computers, Desktops, Printers and more. [online] Hp.com. Available at: https://www.hp.com [Accessed 4 Aug. 2016]. Hung, H., 2015. 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The Training Evaluation Inventory (TEI) - Evaluation of Training Design and Measurement of Training Outcomes for Predicting Training Success.Vocations and Learning, 7(1), pp.41-73. Si, L. and Yakhlef, A., 2013. The Passion for Knowledge: implications for its Transfer.Know. Process Mgmt., 20(1), pp.12-20.